![]() ![]() If these studies hold up, they would suggest that we inherit some trace of our parents’ and even grandparents’ experience, particularly their suffering, which in turn modifies our own day-to-day health - and perhaps our children’s, too. The impact of Holocaust survival on the next generation has been investigated for years - the challenge has been to show intergenerational effects are not just transmitted by social influences. The excitement since then has only intensified, generating more studies - of the descendants of Holocaust survivors, of victims of poverty - that hint at the heritability of trauma. The researchers later linked that finding to differences in the children’s health later in life, including higher-than-average body mass. The field of epigenetics gained momentum about a decade ago, when scientists reported that children who were exposed in the womb to the Dutch Hunger Winter, a period of famine toward the end of World War II, carried a particular chemical mark, or epigenetic signature, on one of their genes. Instead it alters the mechanism by which the gene is converted into functioning proteins, or expressed. The mark doesn’t directly damage the gene there’s no mutation. Having two survivor parents resulted in higher mental health problems compared to one. ![]() Survivor mothers were more influential for the well-being of their offspring than fathers. The findings, the authors concluded, supported an “epigenetic explanation.” The idea is that trauma can leave a chemical mark on a person’s genes, which then is passed down to subsequent generations. KEYWORDS: Holocaust, intergenerational, trauma, offspring Go to: HIGHLIGHTS The aim was to review the mechanisms of intergenerational consequences of the holocaust. Male children of abused war prisoners were about 10 percent more likely to die than their peers were in any given year after middle age, the study reported. © 2011, The Society of Analytical Psychology.In mid-October, researchers in California published a study of Civil War prisoners that came to a remarkable conclusion. Learning about the Holocaust in third grade was probably too young for me, my vivid imagination transformed what I read about in books and saw on Schindler’s List and Europa Europa into a full. ![]() ![]() Therapy with survivors and with their children requires a particular adaptation of analytical technique as what is at stake is not so much the analysis of the here and now of the transference and countertransference dynamics which indeed can in the early stages be counterproductive, but the capacity of the analyst to accept the reality of the trauma with all its devastating and mind-shattering emotions without losing the capacity to imagine and to play metaphorically with images, essential if the patient is to be able to create a space for representation. Mental health practitioners and scholars refer to trauma that impacts individuals across generations as intergenerational trauma, trans-generational trauma, or multigenerational trauma (Bezo & Maggi, 2015 Dass-Brailsford, 2007 Dekel & Goldblatt, 2008 Quinn, 2019). Most widely studied among children of Holocaust survivors, generational trauma, also called intergenerational or transgenerational trauma, refers to the effects of trauma that get passed down a. This paper explores the history of psychoanalytical approaches to intergenerational trauma, both from the Freudian and from the Jungian schools, and addresses the need when we speak of intergenerational or transmitted trauma to better define the nature and the different categories of trauma with particular reference to extreme and cumulative traumas such as those experienced by the survivors of the Nazi death camps and the Russian gulags. An Ecological Perspective of Intergenerational Trauma: Clinical Implications. ![]()
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